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Electricals & electronics

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Someone's hands wearing blue washing up gloves, cleaning a plate with a sponge and washing up liquid in the sink
  • Design & manufacturing
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Issue 100

The smart sensors enhancing safety

Manufacturers are increasingly digitising their supply chains to improve efficiency and quality, streamline processes and generally enhance their operations. For production of items such as food, household goods and healthcare products, digitisation is also improving safety. Jasmine Wragg spoke to engineers at the University of York and consumer goods company P&G about how sensors are helping to monitor bacterial contamination.

A group of five men and one women stand chatting in a room with large windows.
  • Software & computer science
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Profiles
  • Issue 100

Raspberry Pi: the chip that floated a thousand ideas

For Dr Eben Upton CBE FREng, floating the Raspberry Pi business on the London Stock Exchange is another step in a career that has straddled engineering and business.

Quick read

An air fryer basket, pulled out, holding a cooked roast chicken and sliced lemons
  • Food & agriculture
  • Electricals & electronics
  • How does that work?
  • Issue 100

How do air fryers work?

Air fryers have become immensely popular in recent years, promising a healthier and more energy efficient method of cooking that can save you money. They have also inspired numerous dedicated cookbooks and even a few TV programmes.

A nitrile-gloved pair of hands soldering electronics in an HMGCC electronics lab
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Technology & robotics
  • Issue 98

The secret world of national security tech

Attracting a new generation of the best engineering talent is at the heart of national security’s bid to stay ahead of rapid technological advances. His Majesty’s Government Communications Centre (HMGCC) explains more about how this is done.

Quick read

Two electrical engineers designing hardware for a security system using computer aided design software on their computers.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Innovation Watch
  • Issue 98

The community IoT network preventing break-ins in Uganda

After thieves broke into his home and stole $1,500 worth of valuables, Ugandan engineer Anatoli Kirigwajjo wanted to prevent it happening to others. He’s developed an Internet of Things-based security system that alerts neighbours.

Quick read

  • Electricals & electronics
  • Technology & robotics
  • How I got here
  • Issue 98

Q&A: Eneni Bambara-Abban, roboticist and technologist

Eneni Bambara-Abban got her start in engineering taking apart the toaster as a child. Today, her many roles include robotics engineer, technologist, and founder of The Techover Foundation, an NGO that supports underserved communities into technology.

Quick read

A transparent electric kettle boiling water which is bubbling inside.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • How does that work?
  • Issue 80

How do kettles know when to switch off?

Used every day by millions of people across the world, electric kettles use a surprisingly simple method to overcome a long-standing problem: how to switch themselves off.

Casing for the M squared laser with the m squared logo stuck on.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Issue 81

Lasers to change the world

Enter any laboratory and there is a good chance that among their instruments, scientists will make regular use of a tunable solid-state laser from M Squared, using it for fundamental physics research. Born out of an academic research group, M Squared has collected many awards for its lasers.

Quick read

A man standing in front of a display that says "Welcome to COP26" on several shelves full of different plants.
  • Energy
  • Environment & sustainability
  • Electricals & electronics
  • How I got here

Q&A: Mark Goudie, electrical engineer

Mark Goudie is one of the youngest engineering Fellows in the UK, an inventor, and an engineer in the energy sector.

Quick read

An abstract photo of a mesh, conceptualising the Internet of Things
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Technology & robotics
  • Opinion
  • Issue 96

Securing the Internet of Everything

Our IoT devices need engineers to safeguard our privacy, say Oktay Cetinkaya and Peter Novitzky.

Stylised artist's impression of an undersea cable in the foreground, with a cutaway showing the internal optical fibres, and whales depicted far in the background,
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Technology & robotics
  • Issue 96

Undersea information sharing

Undersea cables transport vast amounts of data across the world – and even detect whales and earthquakes.

A NASA satellite floating in space, with the Moon visible behind it.
  • Aerospace
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Issue 95

Lift-off for the UK's space industry

The UK has an impressive history in space and a now-thriving space sector, with three new spaceports on the way.

Quick read

A scanning electron microscopy image of a spider mite crawling on a microelectromechanical system.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Technology & robotics
  • How does that work?
  • Issue 94

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) help to make many of our everyday items work, from Air Pods to airbags.

  • Electricals & electronics
  • Environment & sustainability
  • Materials
  • Issue 94

Powering the pursuit of net zero

It's electrifying: what’s needed before emerging battery technologies are fully charged for a clean green future?

Quick read

  • Civil & structural
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Innovation Watch

The sensors making cities and structures smarter

UtterBerry’s matchbox-sized sensors form a network, akin to the human body’s sensory system, that provides early warning when maintenance might be needed or damage repaired.

To represent the importance of time to the economy, a hand holding a coin with a clock face is moving to insert it into a slot.
  • Aerospace
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Technology & robotics
  • Issue 92

Why microseconds matter

Time’s time to shine: why is ultra-precise time so important for everything from bank transactions to public transport? The NPL’s Dr Leon Lobo explains all.

Quick read

A photograph of Jean sitting at a desk adjusting the dial on an oscillator with one hand and holding a cable in the other.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • How I got here
  • Issue 91

Q&A: Jean Morris

A passion for physics led Jean Morris onto a graduate scheme at Airbus and a placement in Munich after University before her role as a research engineer at the National Physical Laboratory, where she won an award for pandemic service.

Quick read

A black and white close up picture of a robotic vacuum.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Technology & robotics
  • How does that work?
  • Issue 90

Robotic vacuum cleaners

Twenty years after the Roomba's original release, the latest generation of robotic vacuum cleaners incorporate sophisticated machine vision technology to steer clear of electrical cables, stray socks and pet poo.

Quick read

  • Electricals & electronics
  • Software & computer science
  • Issue 90

Q&A: Rose Grey

Rose Grey is a higher software engineer at location services startup Focal Point Positioning (FocalPoint). She recently received an award from the Royal Institute of Navigation.

  • Electricals & electronics
  • Technology & robotics
  • Profiles
  • Issue 90

An innovator who fills a vacuum

From outer space to the depths of the earth, Professor Trevor Cross FREng seeks new uses of the technologies that enabled the electronic revolution.

  • Aerospace
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Software & computer science
  • Issue 90

Supercharging GPS precision

With the help of startup FocalPoint (headed up by ‘the real-life Q’), we examine the past, present and near-future of this integral technology.

A black and white photograph of a six-year-old girl wearing glasses and a polka dot dress.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Profiles
  • Issue 88

The outsider who changed the system

As a Jewish Holocaust survivor, political refugee and woman in engineering, Dr Agnes Kaposi FREng has every reason to call herself an outsider. But it didn’t stop her from becoming the third woman ever to be elected as a Royal Academy of Engineering Fellow.

  • Aerospace
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Issue 88

Why 1960s CCD technology is at the frontier of space exploration

In February 2021, NASA’s Perseverance rover landed on Mars, fitted with a suite of seven instruments designed to search for signs of past and present life. CCD technology was at the heart of two of these cutting-edge scientific devices.

  • Environment & sustainability
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Issue 85

Charging into the future

The all-electric Jaguar I-PACE has collected many awards since it first left car showrooms in 2018, including its engineering team being recognised as MacRobert Award finalists. Find out about the challenges of developing the company's fist electric vehicle.

Quick read

A fried egg in a pan on an induction hob.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • How does that work?
  • Issue 83

Induction hobs

In an induction hob, a coil of copper wire is placed under a cooking pot and an alternating electric current passed through it. The resulting oscillating magnetic field wirelessly induces an electrical current in the pot, warming it up and cooking the food inside.

An electric car being charged.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Mechanical
  • Issue 83

Replacing the batteries

Electrification of transport, the largest source of CO2, is a key part of the UK's approach to commit to net zero. The UK's Faraday Battery Challenge supports R&D at all stages of the electrification of transport, from new battery technologies through to disposal and recycling.

A headshot of Sir Jim McDonald FREng FRSE.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Environment & sustainability
  • Profiles
  • Issue 82

Life in electrifying times

Professor Sir Jim McDonald FREng FRSE, elected President of the Royal Academy of Engineering, has worked as a transmission and distribution engineer. He joined the academic world when the electric industry was going through a business and technology revolution, becoming immersed in sustainable energy policy issues.

Quick read

A schematic of Earth with 28 satellites orbiting in three orbital planes for the Galileo satellite navigation system.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Aerospace
  • Technology & robotics
  • How does that work?
  • Issue 81

Global positioning system (GPS)

The global positioning system (GPS) enables anyone with a smartphone or navigation units on cars to pinpoint their location or tell the time. Initially developed for military use, it now has applications ranging from aviation safety and banking to rescuing ships in distress.

A portrait photo of Stephen Temple FREng.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Profiles
  • Issue 81

A spectrum of generations games

Stepen Temple CBE FREng worked as an engineer within government to shape modern telecommunications and lay the foundation for today’s trillion-dollar global mobile industry. His career in the civil service has spanned the history of mobile telephony and he managed to recue 5G from a bureaucratic black hole.

A artistic representation of a collection of optical fibres with light being transported to the end of the fibre.
  • Technology & robotics
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Issue 79

Hollowing out a future in fibre optics

Optical fibres are used in many settings, from computer networks to broadcasting and medicine, to carry information. The fibres are usually made up of strands of glass, each one thinner than human hair, but researchers have been working on fibres to transmit data that contain just air.

Quick read

  • Electricals & electronics
  • Materials
  • How I got here
  • Issue 79

Q&A: Zoe Dobell

Zoe Dobell is a systems engineer at Transport for London (TfL). She’s currently working on the Central Line Improvement Programme (CLIP), where she is integrating new systems that are being retrofitted onto the trains.

Quick read

The A-Ultra handheld device resting against a helmet displaying the words '100% complete no damage' on it's screen.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Innovation Watch
  • Issue 79

Ultrasonic armour inspection

A-Ultra is a portable device that uses sensors to check body armour for damage in just 10 seconds, saving time and money and making such inspections simple in even remote locations.

Nick Rogers smiling, standing in front of a Land Rover.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Design & manufacturing
  • Profiles
  • Issue 79

Driven to an electrifying future

From apprentice to Executive Director of Product Engineering at Jaguar Land Rover, Nick Rogers FREng takes a special interest in young engineers. His career has included managing the transition to electric vehicles while simultaneously developing new car models.

Quick read

An illustration of cellular 5G connecting cell towers to cities, phones laptops, shopping carts and trucks.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • How does that work?
  • Issue 78

Beamforming

The next generation of cellular technology, 5G, is said to have ‘beamforming antennas’. What are these, how will they be used in mass-market cellular systems and why do they help increase both cell range and capacity?

A red Model 3 Tesla driving on a road with a city in the background.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Issue 78

The right climate for efficient semiconductors

Electrical energy is wasted in countless electrical circuits that increase or decrease voltages. A new generation of devices made from silicon carbide and gallium nitride, semiconductor materials with wider bandgaps, is reducing these losses and decreasing the carbon footprint of many electrical and electronic devices.

Quick read

Two hands playing the ROLI instrument, stretched out across the silicon touchpad.
  • Arts & culture
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Innovation Watch
  • Issue 77

A new way to make music

A team of engineers has developed a range of instruments that is changing the way people make music. ROLI combines digital technologies and pressure-sensitive silicone so that users can generate sounds with the lightest touch.

Quick read

A female electronics engineer runs tests on a laptop while sitting in the driver's seat of a car.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • How does that work?
  • Issue 76

Driverless cars

Self-driving cars have been a science-fiction staple for decades, but a wide range of onboard sensors and sophisticated data-processing tools are now supporting trials on public roads around the world.

A male, wearing a face shield and protective equipment, with a dual-sensor detector in a field.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Issue 75

Detecting landmines for a safer world

While the use of landmines has reduced over the last 20 years, they are still present in many countries as the result of actions such as civil wars and insurgencies. Cost-effectiveness and the appropriate technology are key to aid in humanitarian demining.

Michael Thompsett, Eric Fossum and Nobukazu Teranishi standing together.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Issue 73

Image revolutionaries

In February 2017, the four engineers responsible for the creation of digital imaging sensors were awarded the Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering. Find out about the development of the technology and how their contributions have revolutionised the way that visual information is captured and analysed.

The gravimeter placed next to a ruler for scale. The device includes an LED light source, micro-electromechanical systems and a photodiode (i.e. a shadow sensor).
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Technology & robotics
  • Innovation Watch
  • Issue 73

The world's smallest gravimeter

Researchers at the University of Glasgow have adapted smartphone accelerometer technology to make the first small and affordable gravimeter, the Wee-g, able to detect tiny changes in gravity.

Male software engineer.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • How does that work?
  • Issue 71

Radio spectrum

Radio spectrum is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum, a continuous range of wavelengths, that is widely used in modern technology. Particularly used in telecommunication, interest in the radio waves is expected to increase as 5G is rolled out and mobile communication is used more and more.

Quick read

Dr Sabesan Sithamparanathan standing with the Sir George Macfarlane medal, at the Royal Academy of Engineering awards ceremony.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • How I got here
  • Issue 71

Q&A: Dr Sabesan Sithamparanathan

Dr Sabesan Sithamparanathan is Co-founder and CEO of PervasID. His company provides radio-frequency identification (RFID) readers for low-cost, long-distance sensing of passive RFID tags, for use in tracking in retail, security and healthcare.

Quick read

A group of chords plugged in to an adaptor.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Technology & robotics
  • How does that work?
  • Issue 70

Powerline networking

Most homes and businesses use wireless networks so powerline networking, which uses electrical wiring as a data network, may be considered a redundant technology. However, it’s a simple technology that complements wireless by reaching those areas that might be beyond a Wi-Fi network.

A headshot of Orla Murphy next to a blue car.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • How I got here
  • Issue 70

Q&A: Orla Murphy

Orla Murphy is an audio engineer at Jaguar Land Rover. Her role focuses on optimising and improving the sound systems in the company’s vehicles, combining her passions for science, maths and music.

A heat map of a battery becoming very hot and leaking out.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • How does that work?
  • Issue 69

Lithium-ion batteries

Li-ion batteries have revolutionised modern life, through their application in consumer electronics and applications as diverse as medical implants, grid-scale storage and satellites. Recent concerns have fuelled public concern about battery safety. So how do these cells work, and what can go wrong?

A headshot of Warren East CBE FREng.
  • Mechanical
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Profiles
  • Issue 69

Taking engineering to industry

Becoming CEO of Rolls-Royce has taken Warren East CBE FREng from electronic chips to jet engines. This change in industries isn’t as dramatic as it might seem as, after all, they both operate at the cutting edge of engineering.

  • Electricals & electronics
  • How does that work?
  • Issue 67

Li-Fi

Li-Fi technology is a wireless communications technology that harnesses LED lights to transmit data at high speeds. Find out how semiconductor light sources can be used to stream web, video or audio and the advantages it has over Wi-Fi.

A set of Bluetooth headphones.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Sports & leisure
  • How does that work?
  • Issue 66

Noise-cancelling headphones

Used by plane and train passengers wanting to listen to radio, music or film without hearing background noises, active noise-cancelling (ANC) headphones are able to prevent outside noise from leaking through to the inside of headphones.

 A peltier thermoelectric device.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • How does that work?
  • Issue 65

Peltier devices

First discovered by Jean Charles Peltier, the Peltier effect is used across a range of devices, from thermoelectric heaters and coolers to sensors and spacecraft. Find out how the use of semiconductor materials can act to manage heat transfer.

The Eurostar at St Pancreas International station.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Mechanical
  • Issue 64

High speed evolution

In December 2010, Eurostar International Ltd awarded a contract for 10 new high speed trains to Siemens. The company has used a system developed over decades to maximise the performance and passenger-carrying ability of its 320km/h trains.

A person in a high visibility jacket, crouching down holding a CableSniffer device, holding a wire to the ground outside.
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Innovation Watch
  • Issue 63

Cable fault locator

The winner of the Institute of Engineering and Technology’s 2014 Innovation Award was EA Technology’s CableSnifferTM, which uses a probe and chemical sensing technology to identify faults, saving energy companies millions of pounds each year.

Quick read

  • Electricals & electronics
  • How does that work?
  • Issue 62

Accelerometers

Used in earthquake measurements, laptops, planes and even in stargazing apps, today’s accelerometers are much smaller than when they were first developed in 1927. Find out how they detect movement and vibration.

A person sitting in an anechoic chamber.
  • Arts & culture
  • Electricals & electronics
  • Issue 62

How to maximise loudspeaker quality

Ingenia asked Dr Jack Oclee-Brown, Head of Acoustics at KEF Audio, to outline the considerations that audio engineers need to make when developing high-quality speakers.